فناوری

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the epidemiology of mental disorders of Ground Units Personnel in one of the Military units of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Tehran. Unidentified personnel, who are suffering from mental disorders, not only make it difficult for the unit to function well and carry out missions successfully, but also impose high expenses on the Military units. Therefore identifying these cases is crucial.
Method: This study is an epidemiological and descriptive research and was conducted as a cross sectional one in 1387.975 subjects participated in this study by the use of cluster sampling of 6 military centers located in Tehran. Subjects filled out a demographic questionnaire and SCL-90-R.
Results: Results showed that the prevalence of disease symptoms based on the general severity index (GSI) of SCL 90 questionnaire was 35.5 percent.346 of 975 subjects were diagnosed as suspected of mental disorders. Paranoid thoughts and somatization were the most prevalent mental disorders with 15.5 and 15.4 percent respectively. Also these results show that the prevalence of each mental disorders in the personnel age between 20-30, the personnel who have B.S degree and upper, down rank officers, the married personnel, the combat- operation ranks personnel is more than other groups.
Discussion: Base on the results of this study, the importance of psychological evaluations conducted annually, precise identification of military personnel at risk and provide timely mental health services to them over the past is significant. Therefore it is essential that senior military commanders and managers have practical and executive programs in facilitating the access of military forces to mental health services.
Keyword(s): EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREVALENCE, PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS, SYMPTOM CHECK LIST REVISED (SCL90R).

Introduction: This research was conducted to examine the relationship between the personal factors and stress and the general health and absence from work of Hygiene Office Personnel of one of the Military Forces located in Tehran.
Method: This research is a descriptive and correlational one. The studied population was all of the hospitals and Health and Hygienic offices of Tehran city. 324 people were chosen by random sampling, and then they completed the scholar form, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Job Description Inventory (JDI), Stainmets job stress questionnaire.
Results: Results showed that: 1- only the job level and content predicted the quantity of personnel absence among the personal variables. 2- The average of personnel absence in the low and high levels was more than others. 3- Variables of education level, job experience and job satisfaction were able to predict the personnel general health. That is to say, the personnel with low level of education and job satisfaction had the least degree of general health. 4- Personnel with high job stress had lower general health. 5- Personnel with low job satisfaction had the least level of general health. 6- There was a positive correlation between the job satisfaction and general health. That is the increase in job satisfaction causes personnel general health increase.
Discussion: The results of this research illustrated that high job stress, low job satisfaction, an abundance of assigned duties, low level of education, age and job experience had an influential role on the increase of personnel absence and their general health decrease. The results of this research also illustrated that the degree of job stress, job dissatisfaction and the decrease in general health level were higher among female staffs than male staffs.
Keyword(s): GENERAL HEALTH, ABSENCE, JOB STRESS, JOB SATISFACTION

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is disabling and distressing for the affected person. The purpose of this study was to develop and validation a metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral model for obsessive- compulsive disorder.
Materials and methods: Totally, 635 participants (304 male and 331 female) were randomly selected and the instruments (OCI-R, DAS, CDS, ATQ, MCQ and OCBS) were administered on them. To test the factor structure validity of the model of metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral for obsessive–compulsive disorder were used of structure Analyses.
Results: The results of this study showed that cognitive factor through metacognitive and behavior mediators affected on the symptoms of the obsessive-compulsive disorder.And theresults of the structural equation modeling supported a metacognitive-cognitive-behavioral model for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Also, the results showed that the model had the best fit to the data and is closely related to the theoretical assumptions.
Conclusion: The model presented in this study illustrates a multidimensional approach that the model focuses on the metacognitive -cognitive-behavioraldimensions; hence, the model presented in this study is a new explanatory model. The model may prompt future research into obsessive–compulsive disorder and facilitate clinical treatment and case formulation.
Keyword(s): MODELING, OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE DISORDER, BEHAVIOR, COGNITION, METACOGNITION

Background: The purpose of this study was the investigation of correlation met cognitive sub-scales, meta worry and thoughts–fusion with body dysmorphic disorder.
Methods: Design of this study was method of the correlation. Sample of this study included 155 high school students of Isfahan. The subjects selected basis of malt- stage cluster sampling. The tools that used in this study including: Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD (YBOCS-BDD), Meta Cognitive Questionnaire (MCQ), Meta Worry Questionnaire (MWQ) and Thoughts Fusion Inventory (TFI).
Results: Result indicated that body dysmorphic disorder have a significant correlation with metacognitive subscales, meta worry and thoughts–fusion. Also, the results of analysis regression showed that metacognitive total score, meta worry and thoughts–fusion explained 24 percent variances of body dysmorphic disorder.
Conclusion: Results indicated that body dysmorphic disorder have a significant correlation with metacognitive subscales, meta worry and thoughts–fusion in high school students of Isfahan.
Keyword(s): BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER, METACOGNITION, META WORRY, THOUGHTS FUSION

Introduction: The aim of this article is review and analysis of the Meta cognitive therapy (MCT) as an effective intervention in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the past two decades.
Materials and Methods: This study by using systematic review of studies to explore the underlying assumptions and interventions of the Meta cognitive therapy of post traumatic stress disorder and studies on the effectiveness of this approach are explored.
Result: In MCT, negative Meta cognition beliefs, dysfunctional attention and cognitive processes (rumination, Meta worry, avoidance, thought suppression, continuous monitoring of threats) are considered as the main cause of PTSD. Unlike the cognitive behavioral therapy, treatment in MCT is not involved exposure and discusses the cognitive content, Instead, treatment and education focusing on the type of the thinking process.
Conclusion: Meta cognitive therapy is an emerging approach that the result of systematic modeling and has led to various techniques that have been shown effective in scientific studies. This approach to the understanding and treatment of mental disorders, particularly PTSD has been very effective.
Keyword(s): POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER, META COGNITIVE, COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY, REVIEW

Introduction: Studies on civilian patients with PTSD have shown that the use of positive and negative thought control strategies play an important role in increasing and decreasing PTSD symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to examine the direct and indirect relation-ships of negative and positive thought control strategies with symptoms of chronic PTSD in the veterans of the 8 years holy defense of Iran.
Method: The method of this study was a description- correlation and path analysis. 80 veter-ans with chronic PTSD were selected at convenience and the instruments (thought control questionnaires and PTSD symptoms checklists) were administered on them. To evaluate the direct and indirect relationships of thought control strategies with PTSD symptoms, path analysis was used. Also, to confirm the developed model, AMOS Graphic was used.
Results: The results showed that among the thought control strategies, worry, self-punishment and reappraisal have the highest relationship with PTSD symptoms. Worry and self-punishment had a positive relationship with PTSD symptoms and reappraisal had a negative relationship with PTSD symptoms. Also, worry had both a direct and indirect relationship with PTSD symptoms.
Conclusion: The results of this study provides further support for the role of negative thought control strategies as an important factor in the persistence of PTSD symptoms and positive and adaptive strategies of thought control in reducing PTSD symptoms in veterans with PTSD chronic post-traumatic caused by the war.
KEYWORDS: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Thought Control Strategies, Metacognitio

Introduction: Combat stress reaction (CSR) is a trauma and one of the unpleasant results of war. CSR includes a wide range of physical, psychological and behavioral injuries that occur after the war. The present study reviews signs and symptoms of CSR as well as how to prevent and treatment this condition.
Method: This article is written based on a systematic review, which is conducted in Pup med, Google scholar and Elsevier, Handbook of Military Psychology edited by Reuven Gal and David Mangelsdorff, Military psychology: clinical and operational applications / edited by Carrie H. Kennedy, Eric A. Zillmer and The Oxford Handbook of Military Psychology edited by Janice H. Laurence Michael D. Matthews in a ten-year time frame; with Combat stress, physical and psychological reaction as keywords.
conclusion: Results show the effect of Combat stress on performance and efficiency of military personnel at war throughout different historical periods.
conclusion: Combat stress significantly affects the performance of military units; therefore, it's important to design plans to control, prevent and treat this condition.
Keyword(s): COMBAT STRESS, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

Introduction: Cognitive behavioral models consider certain personality traits to be risk factors for the development of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The aim of this study was to investigation Relationship between appearance- based victimization and, behavioral inhibition system and with body dysmorphic disorder: The mediator role of perfectionism.
Methods: The method of this research was descriptive- corelational. The study sample was 200 students of Islamic Azad University of Qazvin Branch that were selected by categorical randomize sampling method. Data gathering instruments were appearance anxiety inventory, Appearance-based victimization, Gray – Wilson Personality Questionnaire and perfectionism scale. Data were analyzed by person's correlation coefficient and path analysis statistical method by LISREL.8.5 nd SPSS16.
Results: the result of path analysis indicate that model fit with collected data and in this model Appearance-based victimization direct and indirect, perfectionism indirect and behavioral inhibition system have an indirect relation with BDD (AGFI=0.98, RMSEA=0.023, NFI=0.98).
Conclusion: The results indicated that individual how have an Appearance-based victimization history and have a higher score in behavioral inhibition system and negative perfectionism is prone to develop BDD.
Keyword(s): BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER, NEGATIVE PERFECTIONISM, APPEARANCE- BASED VICTIMIZATION, BEHAVIORAL INHIBITION SYSTEM

Abstract Aim and Background: Negative and positive emotional states, temptation, and anxiety are among the most important risk factors for addiction. This research aimed to study the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)-based emotional management training on anxiety and temptation in patients with drug abuse. Methods and Materials: This was an experimental research with pretest/posttest method and control group. To select the sample, the available sampling method was used. Among patients with substance abuse in addiction treatment centers in Ahwaz City, Iran, based on clinical interviews, 28 were selected. They were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental and control. Both groups passed the leaving and detoxification steps. The experimental group received 10 sessions of dialectical behavior therapy-based emotional management training, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were demographic questionnaire, Craving Believes Questionnaire (CBQ), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Findings: After the intervention, there were significant differences between experimental and control groups regarding anxiety and temptation (P < 0.001 for both). In other words, the rate of anxiety and temptation in experimental group significantly decreased in comparison with pretest and control group. Conclusions: The current study indicated that dialectical behavior therapy-based emotional management training would be an appropriate treatment for university students in order to decrease the symptoms of anxiety and temptation in those with drug abuse. Keywords: Behavior therapy, Drug abuse, Anxiety, Emotional adjustment, Craving

Introduction: The loneliness is explanatory deficiency in establishment relations and bond
emotional that can conflict married couples and also effects on internet dependence as a sedative.
Therefore this research done the relations ship between loneliness of internet dependence and marital
conflict married couples
Methods: The study population consisted of all couples living in 6th district of 16 region in Tehran.
Using Cochran formula, a sample size of 250 couples was selected. The design of this research was
descriptive co relational. To collect data was used from the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ),
the social and emotional loneliness Scale for adults (SELSA-S), and the Kimberley Young's Internet
Addiction Questionnaire (1988). Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient and
path analysis.
Results: and marital conflict in couples The results of the study showed that there is a relationship
between loneliness with internet addiction The results of path analysis show that, the loneliness that
predict directly internet dependence and marital conflict. Also the loneliness, present Meaningful
prediction of marital conflict to mediation internet addiction.
Conclusion: Due to the result loneliness is one of the significant facts in internet dependence and
conflict married that should be pay attention during the treatment off conflict married couples and
interne dependence.
Keywords: loneliness. Internet addiction. Marital conflict

Introduction: The purpose of the present research was to determine relationship feelings experience
and use defense mechanisms with spectrum the symptoms of obsessive – compulsive
Methods: This is a correlation study. The statistical universe of this research consisted of all people
Tehran city in year of 2016-2017. The research sample consisted of 200 people who were selected
through avilable sampling method. The instruments used study were Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-
Revised (OCI-R), Feelings Experience and Defense Styles Questionnaires. Pearson correlation and
regression analysis were used to analysis the data.
Results: The results indicated that there were signification negative correlation between secure
feelings experience with symptoms of obsessive – compulsive. There were signification positive
correlation between defense mechanism with symptoms of obsessive – compulsive. The results of
multiple regression showed that the feelings experience and defense mechanism was the signification
predictor of symptoms of obsessive – compulsive disorder (P 0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the feelings experience
and defense mechanisms play an important role in the symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder.
Keywords: obsessive – compulsive disorder, feelings experience, defense mechanisms

Introduction: One of the important events of old age is retirement. Retirement and aging are often
interrelated phenomena that appear in a timed symmetry with each other. One of the important
challenges in the retirement age is discussing about life quality. Due to lack of relevant researches
in Iran, the purpose of this paper is the role of demographic variables and mental health in life quality
of military retirees forces.
Methods: The studied population, included retired staff in all provinces of the country and sample
group consisting of 5265 retired employees selected by cluster sampling. Tools used in this research
were" The Life Quality Questionnaire", General Health Questionnaire" and "self -made questionnaire"
containing demographic information and correlation was calculated using SPSS 22 software.
Results: The results of multivariate regression model showed that the effect of mental and demographic
health variables (age, education, economic situation and employment situation), on the quality of life
is significant and meaningful, statistically (p < 01/0). Also, the effect of demographic variables
(gender) on the quality of life isn't significant, statistically (p < 05/0).
Conclusion: Mental and demographic health variables, (age, education, economic situation and
employment situation), have positive correlation with quality of life and people with mental health
have higher quality of life, Compared to others.
Keywords: Demographic, Mental Health, Quality of Life, Retirees.

Background: Diabetes is a widespread, malignant and progressive disease. People who suffer from diabetes experience different psychological and physical disorders during and after treatment. This paper was done to study the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on decreasing depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with diabetes type-1.
Materials and methods: The quasi-experimental method with control and experimental group, which is based on pre and post tests was used in this study. After completing the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) questionnaire, 20 participants who had the criteria for this research, were chosen and divided into two groups of 10, experimental and control (waiting for treatment) group. Experimental group recevied eight sessions of intervention of ACT and no intervention was done for control group. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance with repeated measurements using SPSS-20 software.
Results: The findings showed that intervention based on ACT caused a significant reduction (p=0.01) in depression and anxiety symptoms in experimental group compared to the control group. So that subjects’ scores in experimental group had more meaningful reduction than the control group.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy can be effective on decreasing depression and anxiety symptoms of patients with diabetes type-1.
Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Type 1 Diabetes, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

مقدمه: احساس تنهایی بیانگر کاستی و کمبود در برقراری روابط و پیوند‌های عاطفی است که می‌تواند منجر به تعارضات در زوجین شودوهمچنین موجب وابستگی به اینترنت به‌عنوان یک مسکن گردد. ازاین‌رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطه احساس تنهایی با وابستگی به اینترنت و تعارض زناشویی در زوجین صورت گرفت.
روش کار: پژوهش حاضر مطالعه توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود که به صورت مقطعی در سال 1396 انجام شد. جامعه موردمطالعه در پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیه زوجین ساکن درمنطقه 16، شهرتهران بود. با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، حجم نمونه‌ای شامل 250 زوج بر اساس روش نمونه‌گیری چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه تعارضات زناشویی(MCQ)، مقیاس احساس تنهایی اجتماعی و عاطفی بزرگ‌سالان(SELSA-S) و پرسشنامه اعتیاد به اینترنت کیمبرلی یانگ (1988) استفاده شد. تجزیه ‌و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل مسیر صورت پذیرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که بین احساس تنهایی باوابستگی به اینترنت وتعارض زناشویی درزوجین رابطه مستقیم معناداری (01/0=p) وجوددارد. نتایج تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که احساس تنهایی، وابستگی به اینترنت و تعارض زناشویی را به‌صورت مستقیم پیش ‌بینی می‌کند. همچنین احساس تنهایی پیش‌بینی معناداری از تعارض زناشویی با میانجی وابستگی به اینترنت ارائه می‌دهد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده احساس تنهایی یکی از عوامل قابل‌ توجه در وابستگی به اینترنت و درنهایت تعارض زناشویی است که هنگام درمان تعارضات زناشویی و یا وابستگی به اینترنت زوجین باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
واژگان کلیدی: احساس تنهایی، وابستگی به اینترنت، تعارض زناشویی است